A classic example of socialism is John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath

A classic example of socialism is John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath The idea of socialism has transcended down in history; from the proletariat fighting for rights in France to Marxist revolutions and Leninists in Russia. Socialism is the helping of the laboring class; more so it is the uprising and asserting of power of the laboring class. A classic example of socialism is John Steinbeck's "The Grapes of Wrath". Many people thought this book was an attack on America, due to it's social views. "Grapes of Wrath" was not a book of attack or slander on America, rather it was more of an awakening or cry for change. Steinbeck seems to be the voice of the masses. Steinbeck wants to suggest, through character, settings and idea filled chapters, how socialist reforms would bring upon a dignified lifestyle for the disadvantages people from the mid-west. He calls for change and hopes for enlightenment through his novel, not to cast aspersions or criticize. During the 1930's, the era of Depression in America, many people were afraid of communist ideas that were present overseas. Many people felt that Steinbeck was supporting these ideas. If someone was a questioner, a thinker, or someone who went against the mold, like Steinbeck, they were called a "red". In other words, that person was considered a communist. Steinbeck, through his novel, brought the worst stories of America and showed them to the world. He did this in hope of spreading the idea of socialism. Steinbeck shows the spread of socialism through two main characters: Jim Casy and Tom Joad. He displays them as wanting, wanting a better life, wanting something more spiritually, wanting something more for "their folks". The only thing that seems to ... ...ds. Al gets to be a teenager, not a responsible driver. He can now look for girls and etc. But when the family leaves the camp, due to no work, the family falls apart. The normality. The socialism at the camp is what made most of them happy and kept them together. But Ma Joad knew better. She shows that socialism has to be widespread, it can't just be in one spot. It has to take over everything and be thought by everyone. When the normality ends, the requirement of socialism in society becomes important again. Through out the novel, Steinbeck tries to give us a clear picture of what is needed to stop all the suffering that was going on in our nation. Tom Joad, Jim Casy, the camp and a couple chapters teach the future readers that we can make a difference in people's lives. We have made a difference. Today socialism is alive and working well for America.

Microelectronic Pill Essay

1. ABSTRACT A â€Å"Microelectronic pill† is a basically a multichannel sensor used for remote biomedical measurements using micro technology. This has been developed for the internal study and detection of diseases and abnormalities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where restricted access prevents the use of traditional endoscope. The measurement parameters for detection include real – time remote recording of temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen in the GI tract. This paper deals with the design of the â€Å"Microelectronic pill† which mainly consists of an outer biocompatible capsule encasing 4–channel micro sensors, a control chip, a discrete component radio transmitter and 2 silver oxide cells. | Our Body is a sensitive system. Many times even doctors arenà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t able to interpret the disease. Thus it become too late to cure it. To remove this problem scientists discovered electronic capsule in 1972. Use of discrete & relatively large componentà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s, poor reliability, short lifetimes & low sensitivity makes it outdated. To overcome all these problems Professor Jon Cooper and Dr Erik Johanessen from Glasgow University , U.K has led to the development of a modern microelectronic pill. When Microelectronic pill is swallowed, then it will travel through the Gastro Intestinal Tract & simultaneously perform multiparameter in situ physiological analysis After completing its mission it will come out of the body by normal bowel movement The pill is 16mm in diameter & 55mm long weighing around 5 gram It records parameters like temperature, pH, Conductivity, & Dissolved Oxygen in real time. PARTS CONTROL CHIP RADIO TRANSMITTER 2 SILVER OXIDE CELLS BIOCOMPATIBLE CAPSULE ENCASING MICROSENSOR SILICON DIODE 3 ELECTRODE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL DIRECT CONTACT GOLD ELECTRODE ION-SELECTIVE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR (ISFET) SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF MICRO ELECTRONIC CAPSULE It measures the body core temperature. Also compensates with the temperature induced signal changes in other sensors. It also identifies local changes associated with TISSUE INFLAMMATION & ULCERS. SILICON DIODE The ISFET measures pH. It can reveal pathological conditions associated with abnormal pH levels These abnormalities include : Pancreatic disease Hypertension Inflammatory bowel disease The activity of fermenting bacteria The level of acid excretion Reflux of oesophagus Effect of GI specific drugs on target organs. ION-SELECTIVE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR (ISFET) The pair of direct contact Gold electrodes measures conductivity, by measuring the contents of water & salt absorption, bile secretion & the breakdown of organic components into charged colloids etc. in the GI tract. Since the gold has best conductivity among all the elements, Therefore it gives true value of conductivity as measured. DIRECT CONTACT GOLD ELECTRODE The three electrode electrochemical cell detects the level of dissolved oxygen in solution. It measures the oxygen gradient from the proximal to the distal GI Tract It investigates : Growth of aerobic or bacterial infection Formation of radicals causing cellular injury & pathophysiological conditions like inflammation & Gastric ulceration. It develops 1 st generation enzymes linked with amperometric biosensors. 3 ELECTRODE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL ARRANGEMENT MICRO ELECTRONIC PILL CHIP – 1 CHIP – 2 CONTROL CHIP The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is the control unit that connects together other components of the micro system. It contains an analogue signal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“conditioning module operating the sensors, 10-bit analogue to digital (ADC) & digital to analogue (DAC) converters, & digital data processing module The temperature circuitry bias the diode at constant current so that change in temperature reflects a corresponding change in in diode voltage. The pH ISFET sensor is biased as a simple source at constant current with the source voltage changing with threshold voltage & pH. The conductivity circuit operates at D.C. It measures the resistance across the electrode pair as an inverse function of solution conductivity. An incorporated potentiostat circuit operates the O 2 sensor with a 10 bit DAC controlling the working electrode potential w.r.t the reference Analogue signals are sequenced through a multiplexer before being digitized by ADC. ASIC & sensors consume 5.3 mW power corresponding to 1.7 mA of current. CONTROL CHIP Size of transmitter = 8 ÃÆ'Æ’Ã ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  5 ÃÆ'Æ’Ã ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  3 mm Modulation Scheme = Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Data Transfer Rate = 1 kbps Frequency = 40.01 MHz at 20 ÃÆ'‚ °C Bandwidth of the signal generated 10 KHz It consumes 6.8 mW power at 2.2 mA of current. RADIO TRANSMITTOR OBSERVATIONS ON RECIEVER COMPUTER 2 SR44 Ag 2 O batteries are used. Operating Time > 40 hours. Power Consumption = 12.1 mW Corresponding current consumption = 3.9mA Supply Voltage = 3.1 V 2 SILVER OXIDE BATTERIES RANGE : Temperature from 0 to 70 ÃÆ'‚ ° C pH from 1 to 13 Dissolved Oxygen up to 8.2 mg per liter Conductivity above 0.05 mScm -1 Full scale dynamic Range analogue signal = 2.8 V ACCURACY : pH channel is around 0.2 unit above the real value Oxygen Sensor is ÃÆ'‚ ±0.4 mgL. Temperature & Conductivity is within ÃÆ'‚ ±1%. RANGE & ACCURACY It is being beneficially used for disease detection & abnormalities in human body. There fore it is also called as MAGIC PILL FOR HEALTH CARE Adaptable for use in corrosive & quiescent environment It can be used in industries in evaluation of water quality, Pollution Detection, fermentation process control & inspection of pipelines. Micro Electronic Pill utilizes a PROGRAMMABLE STANDBY MODE , So Power consumption is very less. It has very small size, hence it is very easy for practical usage High sensitivity, Good reliability & Life times. Very long life of the cells(40 hours), Less Power, Current & Voltage requirement (12.1 mW, 3.9 mA, 3.1 V) Less transmission length & hence has zero noise interference. ADVANTAGES read this use this link to download presentation | | | * RE: MICROELECTRONIC PILLS

Desegregation Of Brown V. Board Of Education - 1530 Words

Efforts to desegregate neighborhoods traces back to the 1954 Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education. In recent times, in an attempt reduce both overcrowding and segregation, the NYC Department of Education presented a plan to rezone the Upper West Side. In a similar display of rage as those opposed to Brown v. Board Education demonstrated, parents threatened to take legal action to stop this plan. Parents from the well off neighborhoods were unwilling to give up the schools that they felt entitled to due to their choice of residence, but this came at the cost of the children from the other neighborhoods that are consistently disadvantaged by disparities in the quality of schools. Efforts to rezone neighborhoods to achieve better†¦show more content†¦Segregation in the north occurred in more subtle ways than in the south, and in order to understand why black neighborhoods in these areas are often so segregated and poorer than white neighborhoods despite the absence of Jim Crow, it is useful to look at the history that has deliberately created this. Racial zoning was not uncommon in the early to mid 20th century, and other zoning practices that didn’t use explicitly racist language obscured their racial implications. For example, different areas were designated as residential, industrial, commercial, etc. and depending on what the area was deemed, different developments and services were provided to them. The white family neighborhoods were deemed first residential and the black neighborhoods were deemed industrial zones. Consequently, pollution creating factories and the construction of undesirable places such as taverns and liquor stores were built there and converted black neighborhoods into slums. Additionally, housing discrimination that made it more difficult for blacks to participate in loan insurance programs more or less excluded them from buying homes and many were limited to living in apartments with rent higher than whites w ould have to pay for the same space. As a result, more tenants would occupy the same space to make rent which led to overcrowding and pressure to pay rent made it increasingly difficult for blacks to leaveShow MoreRelatedFinal Paper. Ashton L Young. College Of Charleston . .1223 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This paper is about the ways in which desegregation was used to address equality of education post Brown v. Board of education (1954). I will discuss the challenges of desegregation, what challenges minority students still face in America s public schools post Brown v. Board, and how might we transform education so that all students receive equal opportunity according to Dewey and Paolo. Education Post Brown v. Board Brown versus the Board of Education set the precedent for schooling in AmericaRead MoreBrown Vs. Board Of Public Schools1605 Words   |  7 PagesBrown vs Board Tess Gerczak Baker College Brown vs Board Neither the atom bomb nor the hydrogen bomb will ever be as meaningful to our democracy as the unanimous declaration of the Supreme Court that racial segregation violates the spirit and the letter of our Constitution. â€Å"On May 17 1954 the court unanimously ruled that separate but equal violated the Equal Protection Clause. Even though undefined the brown vs board of education caused the desegregation of public schools. Led toRead More(Final Draft). . Brown V. Board Of Education. . . . . .1660 Words   |  7 Pages(Final Draft) Brown V. Board of Education Cole Sayde American Studies 1 H Conner P.8 Due Date: 3/10 Working Outline Introduction General Comments Explanation of Brown case The Brown v. Board of Education case influenced American segregation, because unlike other instances of desegregation, it overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, ended school segregation, and progressed the civil rights movement. Overturned Plessy V. Ferguson What caused Brown V. Board of Education What is Plessy V. Ferguson HowRead MoreSummary And Decision. In A Unanimous Decision On May 17,996 Words   |  4 PagesSummary and Decision In a unanimous decision on May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court ruled to overturn the previous rulings of cases such as the 1896 ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson which permitted racial segregation with the stipulation of â€Å"separate but equal†. In the case titled â€Å"Brown v Board of Education†, Chief Justice Earl Warren ruled in favor of five plaintiffs seeking protection under the laws of the 14th amendment. Five jurisdictions (Kansas, South Carolina, Delaware, Virginia, and District ofRead MoreSwann v. Charlotte935 Words   |  4 Pages Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education Even after the Supreme Court decision in 1954 in the Brown v. Board of Education case, very little had actually been done to desegregate public schools. Brown v. Board of Education ordered the end to separate but equal and the desegregation of public schools; however, the court provided no direction for the implementation of its decision. Authority was pushed to the Attorney Generals of each state to create and submit plans to proceed withRead MorePlessy vs Ferguson678 Words   |  3 PagesPlessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. the Topeka Board of Education In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson the Supreme Court decided that having †separate but equal† accommodations for Whites and Colored did not violate the 14th Amendment (Wolff, 1997). This allowed states to continue segregation as they saw fit. The Plessy v. Ferguson case was centered on the segregation of railroad cars but the final ruling supported that all â€Å"separate but equal† accommodations were allowed by the constitution and wasRead MoreThe Charlotte Mecklenburg School System1187 Words   |  5 Pagesthat were at least 99% Negro. 2. A desegregation plan was approved by the District Court in 1965, at the commencement of this litigation. In 1968, petitioner Swann moved for further relief based on Green v. County School Board, 391 U.S. 430, which required school boards to come forward with a plan that promises realistically to work now, until it is clear that state-imposed segregation has been completely removed. 3. The District Court ordered the school board in April 1969 to provide a plan forRead MoreThe Struggle for Racial Desegregation1230 Words   |  5 Pages The Brown v. Board ruling declared segregation in schools as unconstitutional and therefore encouraging integration. Many people thought this as a turning point and the start of a social revolution that will change the way white-Americans perceived African- Americans. However, there was a belief that, although positive, the ruling did not do enough to implement the actual change. One can even argue that the ruling increased white opposition, which slowed the progress of Civil Rights. OverallRead MoreThe Court Case that Changed the World: Brown v. Board of Education1078 Words   |  5 PagesBrown v. Board of Education is a story of triumph over a society where separating races simply based on appearances was the law. It is a story of two little girls who has to walk through a railroad switchyard in Topeka, Kansas in 1950 just to attend school. With lunch bags and backpacks in hand, they make their way to the black bus stop which is a distance of the tracks. They have to walk this distance, pass the buses filled with white children because they are unable to attend the nearby whiteRead MoreThe Chicago Public School System1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe Chicago Public School system was slow to integrate even after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling of 1954. It took much protesting, federal involvement and public outrage to finally bring about more racial equality for the students of Chicago. While the Brown v. Board of Education ruling is thought of as being the reason any racial equality was brought to schools after such long hardships for the African American students, Chicago had a difficult time bringing the ruling to fruition and federal